Control in Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Control in Global Economy - Essay Example This study therefore chose to evaluate on this catchy trend in management control systems. Management control systems in the world differ. These differences make management practices in various parts and organizations different. One country’s proven management systems may not work appropriately in a foreign country. Lere and Portz (2005), in the CPA Journal, undertook a research to establish possible reasons that may inhabit the working of a management control system in the United States with a multinational corporation firm in a foreign country. Taking a case study of a U.S based Multinational Corporation; the effectiveness of her management control system would evidently differ from one country to another or even from one branch with diverse cultural inclination to another in the same country. Therefore, the following is a report from the investigation carried out. The report from an earlier research conducted by Hofstede was that culture differs in the following aspects; power distance, gender, individual versus collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Three regions and fifty countries were used in the analysis. However, his taxonomy added another aspect that was used to analyze twenty three nations and this is Confucian dynamism. Hofstede found out that those cultural differences has numerous implications to the effectiveness of a management system. Countries with cultures regularly referred to as the small power distance countries are associated with participative decision making and decentralization whereas large power countries are normally associated with less participative decision making and centralization. This implies that different control management systems will suit a country on the basis of their mode of decision making. For instance, in a decentralized organization, management remains at low organizational levels while in a centralized system, management control system is at high organizational

Opportunity to participate in SkillsUSA Essay Example for Free

Opportunity to participate in SkillsUSA Essay One of the benefits of attending a vocational high school is the opportunity to participate in SkillsUSA. Preparing for SkillsUSA was one of the most challenging and nerve racking experiences in my life. SkillsUSA is an organization of students and teachers working together to help its members become responsible, hard working, and dedicated young adults. At the beginning of my junior year in high school, my shop instructor approached me and told me about SkillsUSA, and also the events that pertained to information technology. It took me a few moments to realize that he was encouraging me to participate. I read through the information packet my teacher gave me and noticed that SkillsUSA was a lot bigger than I realized. SkillsUSA is not only about being skilled in the trade you are studying, it is about being an outstanding citizen, and giving back to your community in any way you can. The first thoughts that popped into my head were â€Å"Am I ready for this?† I chose to compete in the robotics and automation technology contest. I have always been interested in robots and how they work. Until then, I had no experience working with robots so I was really nervous, I did not have much confidence in myself. Not only did I have a few months to learn everything I can about robotics while keeping up with my schoolwork, and balancing my part-time job, but I also had to evaluate myself as a person. I was on the Internet and at the library every spare minute I had learning everything I could. I ordered kits off the Internet to practice working with robots so there were no surprises during the competition. It was hard work, but it paid off. Although I did not place at the competition, I did really well considering I started learning about robotics five months prior to the competition and I was competing against students who had years of experience on the robotics team at their high school. Becoming a SkillsUSA member means you must make a pledge to be prepared, to be diligent, to practice, work hard, to respect your trade, and have a good reputation with your peers, coworkers, parents, employers, and teachers. Making a pledge this important demonstrates how committed I am to become a better citizen. I made the pledge to myself, even though I did not become an official SkillsUSA member. I found I have more confidence and take pride in everything I do whether it is taking a test, completing homework, or even dealing with difficult customers at my job. Setting these standards for myself is important to me. When I look back on my accomplishments I realize that I did not have to set my mind to put forth my best effort because what I use to think of as my â€Å"best effort† is now second nature. In those five months I feel like I have grown as person more than any other period in my life.

Education Through The Television :: Technology, TV, Informative

Education Through The Television "TV is justly called `the boob tube'." I disagree, in my opinion, television has many positive and informational uses. Television is now being used more in school because it is proven that students remember and comprehend better than from a regular class lecture. Television has always been good for spreading the news of current world events but it is now being used for more educational and informational documentaries. Television is becoming more and more an educational essential for children. Before they start school, children learn many basic and fundamental tools from television. Most kids learn the alphabet and how to count from shows like Sesame Street and Barney. As children get older there are many story-telling shows that either feature stories with good morals or they tell masterpiece stories like Hercules, Hunchback of Notre Dame, etc.. Some of these stories are now a part of our culture and children know and understand them because of television. As people grow older, television, at least for recent generations, plays a large role in socialization. On many sitcoms and talk shows one can learn of problems of today like teenage pregnancy, poverty, drugs, etc.. Television also seems to support somewhat decent morals, a very religious person may not think so but television still follows the good guy-hero, bad guy-loser theme. From certain shows on TV one can learn what sort of things are socially acceptable for instance fashion, behavior and hobbies. Television features many "how-to" shows like gardening, painting, cooking, etc.. It also has many documentaries on foreign lands and

Do males and females have different abilities when estimating size?

Question: Do males and females have different abilities when estimating size? Abstract This science research the different abilities in reckon sizes between males and females. And the research was taken from an experiment with 20 Chinese teenagers between 15 and 18. The hypothesis was males’ abilities when estimating sizes is better than females†¦. Introduction As we all know, males and females are different in many abilities, and this research for testing difference between males and females estimating size.And this ability also is affected by the cultivation from the child, their brain have different talent. The hypothesis was those males’ abilities when estimating size is better than females’ abilities. Research Methodology In this experiment, there had 10 males’ and 10 females’ age from 15 to 17 as experiment objects. Firstly, a textbook (width: 20. 7cm), a MP3 (length: 8cm) and an ID card (width: 5. 4cm) were measured by a ruler. In each s ubject, everyone stood one meter away from me, and then they could observe each one for 10 seconds.After that, they should tell me their estimation. Finally, the data was collected into the table to comparison and prove the assumption. Research Results The results were inconsistent with my previous hypothesis; females can estimate stuff more accurate than males. The raw data of males’ and females’ measuring results of textbook, MP3 and ID card were cleared up to Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The table below shows that the experimental results of different gender of teenagers from 15 to 18 have different estimated capacity.As we can see clearly from the mean about textbook, males was 20. 24cm and females was 18. 4cm, which shows males had 0. 46cm of the deviation and females had 2. 3cm of the deviation. And from the result of MP3 and ID card, the males were 7. 11cm and 4. 61cm, however, females were 7. 5cm and 5cm, these describe females’ measuring results were more accurate. | textbook (20. 7cm)| MP3 (8cm)| ID card (5. 4cm)| | Mean (cm)| Error| Mean (cm)| Error| Mean (cm)| Error| Male| 20. 24| 0. 46| 7. 11| 0. 89| 4. 61| 0. 79| Female| 18. 4| 2. | 7. 5| 0. 5| 5| 0. 4| *Error means actual value – average and all values are absolute value Discussion Compare the results and the hypothesis, the results show females’ ability in estimating sizes is better than males’ captivity. So this result is not the same as the hypothesis we put forward. We can see from these two tables below, when males and females estimate the bigger size (textbook), the accuracy of males guessing sizes is more accurate than females, and the mean of males’ result is 20. 24cm, the error just is 0. 46cm,

Lasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture

During the colonial period early American settlers came up with the idea to bring African natives overseas to America and use them as slaves. The white man was higher up than the black man in society at the time because of the color of his skin. Americans consider this the biggest blight on our history. The shame of this period in our history still continues today for many whites, but many blacks still feel angry and oppressed. With the election of our first black president, we are really showing how anything is possible here in America and that it doesn’t matter what color or ethnicity you are.Slavery finally came to an end in 1865. By this time slaves were escaping and fleeing north where many people were against slavery. African American Scholar Michael Eric Dyson once said â€Å"The effect of slavery continues to exert its brutal influence in the untold sufferings of millions of everyday folk. † Basically Dyson is saying that slavery has and still is currently effec ting everyday people today specifically blacks. If you were to drive through any city today I believe that the effects of slavery are very clear in housing, jobs, and schooling.The white man is still known as the high-class while the black man still struggles. Take a drive through the ghettos and projects and most of the people you will see are minorities including African Americans. In â€Å"The Ethnic Myth†, Stephen Steinberg writes, â€Å"ghettos are nothing less than the shameful residue of slavery. † Many scholars blame slavery for the pathologies in the black community such as homelessness, single-parent households, and youth violence. More radical views claim, â€Å"Slavery is a constant reminder of what whites in America might do. Now I wouldn’t go as far as Mr. Steinberg and say that â€Å"ghettos are nothing less than the shameful residue of slavery†, but they do resemble, in a small way, how life was around slavery. Some argue that African her itage was passed on, through the generations as one form of rebellion against then oppression brought by slavery. African American culture today is made up of religion, music, family and art, and it is a fact that African American culture has influenced white culture in many ways.One of the most historical cases in African American history is Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. Basically this case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Several black children sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. In all but one case, a three judge federal district court cited Plessy v.Ferguson (an earlier civil rights case that segregated races on trains) in denying relief under the â€Å"separate but equal doctrine. † On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs co ntended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were therefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. This case broke the first segregation barrier in African American history. The base issue of the case was that: is the race-based segregation of children into â€Å"separate but equal† public schools constitutional? The final ruling of this case was: No.The race-based segregation of children into â€Å"separate but equal† public schools violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment and is unconstitutional. This made lead way for the future black and civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa parks. Slavery caused this whole debate and if we never had anyone stand up for their rights, this whole world would be a mess. Martin Luther King Jr. once said â€Å"Faith is taking the first step even when you don’t see the whole staircase† Martin Luther King Jr. ived by what he said and looking at his life you can see that he took many blind steps towards the dark all for civil rights. He changes society in ways only imaginable and led a life of love, peace, and protest. It cannot be disputed that slavery has affected our culture today, both black and white. Although 145 years may seem like a long time, the wounds of slavery on America are not yet healed and our country is still young and the passage of time will bring change, as it historically does. We can only hope that all of us as a country work towards a future as one without oppression.

How to be a good mentor

How to be a good mentor Those of us who have had the opportunity to have a good professional mentor as we travel through our career paths are well aware of the value they bring- this includes everything from support, encouragement, and motivation; to opening new doors; to networking and job opportunities. The bottom line is that a good mentor is really worth their weight in gold.   That said, others among us have learned that some people who find themselves in a position to be mentors are really not well-suited for the role and can even do more harm than good. A bad mentor can hold you back from new opportunities and career advancement, set you off on a trajectory that isn’t right for you, and even sour you on an industry entirely.Clearly, the role of a mentor isn’t one to be taken lightly. It’s a tremendous responsibility, and one that could potentially give you a great deal of power and influence over someone in need of real advice, molding, and guidance. If you’re making a c onscious decision to become a mentor to someone junior to you in your field, make sure that you enter the role with every intention of being a positive influence. Consider using the following strategies to get started on the right foot.3 rules to being a strong mentorDon’t feel threatenedHere’s the raw truth when it comes to most mentor/mentee relationships: you’re helping to train the next generation of workers in your field, and they’re going to be just as ambitious as you likely were when you were just starting out and eager to climb to the top of your career ladder as quickly as possible. Take a moment to look back on those times- didn’t you have visions of eventually seizing the reins of power and filling your boss’s shoes (hopefully as they quietly shuffle out of your way)? Chances are if you’re mentoring someone they’ll likely be harboring the same ambitions.Don’t let this cloud your relationship with them or make you feel threatened and defensive- or worse, make you work against their best interests. Instead, recognize that this is a natural part of the professional cycle. As older employers mature, new employees will enter the field and hopefully gain the necessary skills and experience to one day take control. It happened for you, and one day it’ll happen for them; after all, you won’t be in the world of work forever and likely don’t want to be. The best you can do as a mentor is to help ensure that you’re placing the future of your company and industry in capable hands.Don’t do it for personal gainIn the world of work, most of us are used to the sort of â€Å"quid pro quo† arrangement where both sides get something tangible when taking part in a mutually agreed upon transaction. However, the mentor/mentee relationship is a little bit different. The fact of the matter is, there’s an inherent imbalance (of sorts) when it comes to â€Å"who gets what† here; the mentor typically devotes a significant amount of time and energy to the exchange and the mentee reaps most of the benefits- the knowledge, skills, experience, and opportunities that you’re passing along to them. It is true that mentors get the satisfaction of knowing that they’re â€Å"paying it forward† and helping out the next generation, but make sure that that’s enough of a return on your investment when deciding whether or not to be a mentor. Do it for the satisfaction of helping pave the way for someone else, and not for personal gain.Check yourselfAs we said before, becoming a mentor is a big responsibility and not one to be taken lightly. You’re going to have a real impact on the life of someone in a dependent and impressionable time in their life, so make sure you have enough time and energy to do it well. There’s nothing quite as dispiriting as having a mentor who never seems to have the time to work with you and who you’re always chasing down for help and guidance- or worse, who seems annoyed or put out by your needs. Don’t be that sort of mentor- if you commit to doing it, make sure you’re doing so with the understanding that you’re going to have to carve out a significant amount of your time and resources towards being a good and reliable source of support and guidance all the way through.Being a mentor can be a challenging role, and often the rewards aren’t immediately tangible. However, when done properly, being a positive mentor to an eager and excited individual can be an extremely rewarding and fulfilling experience. If you’re going to be a mentor, then commit to being a good one, and use the strategies and advice presented here to help you along the way.

James Earl Carter essays

James Earl Carter essays "For this generation, ours, life is nuclear survival, liberty is human rights, and the pursuit of happiness is a planet whose resources are devoted to the physical and spiritual nourishment of its inhabitants. (Carter) Carters political views during his path to the white house brought efficiency to the government, they also included a focus towards human rights. His standing on foreign policy ultimately led him to receiving the Nobel peace prize. Jimmy Carter was born October 1, 1924, in the small farming town of Plains, Georgia, and grew up in the nearby community of Archery. This is where his political background began. According to his bibliography, James Carter was educated in through the publics schools of Plains, then he attended Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology. After schooling he joined the navy and received a B.S. degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1946. He accelled himself to great lengths in the navy, he became a naval officer and stayed in the navy for seven more years. In July of 1946 he married Rosalynn Smith.With the news of his fathers death he decided to return home in 1953, so he resigned his naval commission and took his family back to Plains.(Sanger) Carter wasted no time in finding an alternate to the navy. The Jimmy Carter Library noted in their biography that he quickly became a leader of the community, serving on county boards supervising education, the hospital authority, and the library. In 1962 he won an election to the Georgia Senate. In 1962 he entered state politics, and eight years later he was elected Governor of Georgia becoming Georgia's 76th governor. He attracted attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers. This ties into the similarity that later becomes his views on Foreign policy during his presidency. According to Brian Baloghs website entitle ...

What Tony Robbinss morning routine can teach you

What Tony Robbinss morning routine can teach you All of us can remember playing â€Å"follow the leader† as kids. We would each watch carefully what the â€Å"leader† did and didn’t do, and we’d do our best to copy them- with the winner being the one who could match the leader’s gestures and behaviors the longest. Did you know that as adults many of us play a version of â€Å"follow the leader† in our daily lives? It’s true! We often pick a leader, usually someone who has achieved certain goals or a level of success in life that we’d like to have, and we do our best to copy what they do, and hope that it ends with us being winners- in life.Playing â€Å"follow the leader† can actually be an effective strategy. It’s similar to having a role model whose habits and behaviors we emulate in an effort to achieve the same goals they have, and sometimes this approach works.If you’re looking for a leader to follow to help you achieve success, you can’t do mu ch better than Tony Robbins- this 57-year-old motivational speaker and life coach is a dynamic force of nature who attacks every facet of his life with a tireless gusto. Robbins doesn’t just dream about a successful future- he spends every waking moment devoted to going after it and making sure his goals are always within reach.Business Insider recently took a look at a day in the life of this influencer. Robbins maintains an intense daily schedule, which takes him all around the world for tours, events, and speaking engagements all year long, and it isn’t uncommon for unexpected activities to pop up and force him to pivot unexpectedly. Therefore, he needs to be able to summon a great deal of energy- both mental and physical- to be able to maintain this pace and still be effective at what he does. It isn’t uncommon for Robbins’ to work 16-hour days and rely on just a few hours of sleep- sometimes as little as 3 hours each night! So, how does he stay energ ized enough to get through a typical day? It all starts from the moment he gets up each morning and begins his morning routine.Let’s take a closer look at Robbins’ admittedly insane early morning routine and discover what you can learn from how this influential leader starts his day.A Tony Robbins morningA typical Robbins morning begins around 7 a.m., often following just a few hours of sleep, with a 10-minute breathing exercise designed to prime his mind and body, and to prepare himself for the day ahead. He then transitions to a state of mindful meditation, in which he mindfully contemplates his goals for the day and allows himself to focus on the things in life that he’s grateful for.Once Tony feels mentally ready, he begins a hardcore physical workout with his personal trainer that features high impact intervals of ultra-intensive bursts of maximum exertion- these workouts typically only last around 15 minutes but are designed to keep his heart rate at a ver y high level, which helps get his body ready for the often long and exhausting day ahead.One his workout is complete, Tony spends a few minutes in a very hot sauna, followed by a quick dip in icy cold water- transitioning between these temperature extremes helps him keep his heart rate up, and it goes a long way towards getting him energized and ready to tackle the coming day. There’s lots of research available that suggests that exercising in the morning contains a wealth of benefits. According to a recent article by The Huffington Post, morning workouts help you stay fit, healthy, and energized longer, and it frees up the rest of your day for productive activity.Robbins brings the same attention to detail to his morning meal as he does his workout routine- a typical breakfast includes a wake-up cocktail full of vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients to jumpstart him, followed by a breakfast high in protein, usually free-range eggs. Once Tony’s mind and body are awake, energized, and properly fueled, he’s ready to move forward and work towards achieving his goals for the day.Key takeawaysSo, while it may be tricky for you to match Tony Robbins’ morning routine exactly, there are some key takeaways for you to think about for your morning routine:Dedication- Robbins never allows himself to â€Å"wimp out† of his morning routine, or make excuses. Starting the day off by allowing laziness or apathy to take control can really set your day off on the wrong foot. Your dedication to overcome all of the challenges you’ll face throughout the day should begin the moment you wake up.Focus- Robbins maintains a rigid and structured morning routine, and he stays on task. He doesn’t let his focus waver or distract him for a moment. This focused mindset carries over into the rest of his day, and helps him face any task and see it through to completion. Your day should start the same way.Energy- It takes energy to achieve your da ily goals without letting exhaustion overtake you, and the core goal of Robbins’ morning routine is to energize his mind, body, and spirit. Whatever your morning routine is, it should center around this primary goal as well- make meal and exercise choices that fuel you, not drain you. What’s more, positive energy is at the heart of Robbins’ morning routine, beginning with an appreciation of his life and all the good things he has surrounding him. Whenever possible, make sure your day starts off on a positive note.Maximize time- If we haven’t already made it abundantly clear, one thing that Robbins’ doesn’t have in abundance is time to waste. That’s why he makes every moment of his morning routine count, so he can get on with the rest of his day as quickly as possible. Your morning routine should maximize your time while getting you energized and setting you up for success.  So, while jumping into ice cold pools or high-impact workou ts with a personal trainer may not be part of your morning routine, if you follow a routine that’s healthy and productive, and stay dedicated and focused while making the most of your valuable time, you’ll be setting yourself up with the positive mental and physical energy you’ll need to achieve your own success!

British Television Comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Television Comedy - Essay Example Negative health effects can become evident if a person sits around the house all day watching TV. But is there anything positive that can be said about television? Educational programs are believed to be a positive element ÃŽ ¿f television, since those watching will learn from the show. Television is also viewed as being a way for anyone to connect to the world. Basically, television allows us to gain knowledge about events occurring in China, Brazil, and all around the world. Television allows us to communicate with each other. And ÃŽ ¿f course, the main positive aspect ÃŽ ¿f television is that it provides us with entertainment. Feeling bored with nothing to do? Turn on the TV for a half hour and enjoy your favourite television show. As you can see, there are both positive and negative effects associated with television. But no matter what anyone says, one thing is clear: television is here to stay. The technology keeps getting better, as more and more channels become available to us. Television ratings today are higher than ever. People are tuning in, and television is a part ÃŽ ¿f almost everyones life. Violence on TV effects people, especially children, in negative ways. Before the average American child leaves elementary school, researchers estimate that he or she will have witnessed more than 8,000 murders on television. Nearly 3,000 studies have found a connection between television violence and real violence. For example, studies involving children show that the more violence a child watches on TV, the more violent he or she will act. People that watch TV are influenced by what they watch. For example, a person might watch a man swearing on television, and then they use the same swear words as the person on television did. Or a young girl might watch a show in which all ÃŽ ¿f the main characters are skinny, and because ÃŽ ¿f this she might want to make herself thinner, endangering her health in the process. Some people become addicted to TV. They watch

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Research Paper Example Zombies therefore are quite effective and efficacious tools for communicating subtle and intractable realities, simply because of their versatility; zombies are neither living nor dead, they gravitate between life and death. Consequently, zombies are able to be employed in a wide range of arena to communicate powerfully to people, especially because of their appeal to people’s emotions and their ability to capture subtle realities that other figures of speech are unable to capture well. This paper explores the phenomenon of zombies as effective tools of communication. To achieve that end, a critical review of McCarthy Gallery exhibit, â€Å"You cannot kill what is Already Dead’’, is done. After the review of the article, a focus is made on three individual pieces of art from the exhibit. At the end of the paper, a conclusion is made based on the findings in the paper and in line with the thesis of the paper which is, zombies are effective and efficacious tools o f communication. A critical Review of McCarthy Gallery Exhibit According to Suzanne Carte, Zombies illustrate problems about consciousness and its relation to the physical world. Carte goes to argue that zombies are ‘’never just one thing, but a stand-in for an assumed lack of agency.’’, (McCarthy, p.6). ... ies therefore are imageries that stand-in for realities that do not actually exist in the real world; zombies make up for realities that are not in the physical world, but they are in our consciousness. Zombies therefore are undead realities, i.e. that which is both dead and alive simultaneously. Due to their rather fluid and hazy position between life and death, zombies constitute a powerful metaphoric device of critiquing various aspects of our lives including our economic structures, politics and various forms of corruption. Carte goes on to argue that zombies are untimely projections of our fears, dark desires, and imperfections. She goes on to argue that due to their fluid and luminal position, zombies allow for a wide variety of interpretations. A critical look at this account of the nature of zombies by Carte shows that the main purpose of zombies is to powerfully express realities within our consciousness, which are not quite expressible using imageries of things that actuall y exist in the physical world. By claiming that zombies are projections of ourselves, our fears, desires, and imperfections, Carte in other words is saying that zombies as metaphoric tools allows us to kind of transcend the physical realities in that they enable us to express and to communicate what is not expressible through the medium of physical realities. Carte goes on to show how zombies as tools of communication provokes us to think more deeply and to get deeper meaning of realities that we are going through in our lives. She argues that what the zombie wants is to eat human brain. In other words, what zombie wants is what it does not have, i.e., the ability to be human again. As such, a zombie is a pure drive and that is why it is represented as having an insatiable desire to devour

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary Research Paper

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary - Research Paper Example The net sales for P&G remained at $79,029 million in the year 2009 whereas its net sales in 2008 were a bit high amounting to $81,748 million. The net sales for the year 2007 remained at $74,832 million. The net income for P&G remained at $13,436 million in the year 2009 whereas its net income in 2008 remained a bit low amounting to $12,075 million. For the year 2007, the net income for the year remained at $10,340 million. Cash generated by Operating Activities for P&G remained at $14,919 million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Operating Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $15,008 million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Operating Activities for the year remained at $13,410 million. Cash used in Investing Activities for P&G remained at $(2,353) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash used in Investing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(2,549) million. For the year 2007, Cash used in Investing Activities for the year remained at $(2,483) million. Cash generated by Financing Activities for P&G remained at $(10,814) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Financing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(14,844) million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Financing Activities for the year remained at $(12,453) million. P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. (2012). P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today:

Company Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA Case Study

Company Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA - Case Study Example A USP is defined as a cutting edge or a differentiation that separates one product or service from its competition. This, however, does not imply that the other products do not sell in the market. In a market, there are several products, each with a differentiation, each with a cutting edge – each having a separate USP associated, and the admirers of the particular benefit are retained by that product/service or brand. For example, in many regions, COKE is stronger in taste compared to PEPSI, and therefore, individuals having taste for stronger beverages prefer COKE, while others go for PEPSI. The critical point in this discussion is that both products sell, and sell well. This way, the capability of a firm to develop a USP has turned on its sale volumes. Subsequently, moving backward in the value chain, when a supplier sees the manufacturer doing well, the supply chain strengthens itself in terms of its operations and processes. Other than the operations in the value chain, t he operations within the manufacturing unit have also illustrated a positive impact. Some authors associate this feel like a current flowing in a wire; it becomes similar to the capabilities flowing back to where it is supplied. The ideas, values are engraved in the roots of the organization and from there, it circulates to all parts of an organization and the business itself indulges in boosting its unique edge for its customer values. Following is the discussion of the IKEA case that depicts a classic example of the same. Fundamentally, IKEA is all about the furniture of various sorts and types and kinds.

Human Resource Strategy Formulation Research Paper

Human Resource Strategy Formulation - Research Paper Example The information relates to customer requirements, resource constraints, regulatory issues, industry trends, and stockholder demands (Gary, 2009). The stakeholders in the strategy formulation process must have knowledge of this information in order to operationalize it. The stakeholders should know to prioritize information. The information gathered has to be structured in a meaningful way in order to be actualized. The manpower in a business is the backbone of the business, and it is necessary to have the correct team. The workforce in any business enterprise must have the will, knowledge and expertise to perform the duties and deliver the desired results. They must work in unison and should work as a team rather than as individuals (Michael, 2011). The efforts, skills, and capabilities contributed by the organization’s workforce determine the achievement of the organization. A human resource strategy aims at satisfying the customer needs. The strategy aims at setting a direction which the workforce will follow to deliver a successful and sustainable customer satisfaction. To have a human resource that is committed to delivering its results, the organization needs to have principals laid out to be followed. The managers should be concerned about the human resource issues. The human resource of the organization should be involved in all decision making levels of the organization. To ensure that customers are satisfied, the organization should develop a culture that ensures all members of staff are committed to the organization’s performance and improvement (Chris, 2010). Also, there should be a spirit of team work, cooperation and trust for better performance. Human resource is the department in any business enterprise which determines the success or failure of its operations. The human resource in any organization should be managed well and organized in a

Choccoberry chocolate Lunch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choccoberry chocolate Lunch - Essay Example The targeted population is concerned with health issues, and is also educated so the choice of also using e-commerce to reach them is appropriate. The distribution of the chocolate is through warehouse locations as the product is new in the market and has not been retailed before. Launching a new product to the market for customers offers challenges in; the product advantages, the price, and the availability of the product. In marketing, the product one has to consider the available resources for doing this kind of venture. The famous 4 P’s come into mind that is; the product, price, place, and promotion. The quality of the product in terms of; packaging, after sales-services, its function, features and design are very essential strategy in marketing. Price is looked at in terms of the recommended prices for end user, discounts, credit, and distributors’ trade prices. The place, this is where the consumer buys and uses the product in this case the chocolate, it involves the marketing channels, logistics, and physical distribution. Promotion relates to communication in advertising, publicity, exhibitions, direct mail, sales promotion, packaging, and selling by word of mouth. Chocoberry needs to develop a brand loyalty which is a matter of degree, for consumers to continue to buy the chocolates. The various strategies used to market the new product must fit together to achieve the goal of launching the product in the first place. The quality of the product should at all costs match the price of the product. The market changes quite more often, so one has to always remember that effective launch at one time cannot be the same in another period. This is so because the markets change, new trends develop, attitudes change, new sectors evolve, technology changes, different ideal positioning emerge, new distribution channels appear, and new products arrive. All these factors affect the performance of a new product. To be in a better position a company has to develop long term policies in; positioning strategy, firm’s resources, willingness to change according to market demands, market selection, and repeat sales (Rhonda 276). For a product to succeed in such environment, a final combination on the core product, its price, promotion, and distribution must work together for it to be successful. Distribution strategy can easily fit into marketing and supplying of a product by considering other market areas. The type of the product like the chocolates do dictate the distribution options available considering the nature and health issues of the product. The handling of such products physically and activities needed to sell the product to the consumer determine the nature of distribution options. Depending on the price chosen, the strategy on distribution is also put into account. The level of distribution in reaching the market matters, as this determines how the customer receives the product. Distributing a physical product like the chocolate, strategies and channels of distribution is very important. To achieve this, one can involve; direct sales team, retailers, a network of resellers, and e-commerce website. The value of the chain of distribution is determined by contributors which allow for specialization. Factors affecting distribution channels include; market, producer and the product. When considering the market factor, the behavior of the consumer is put into account.

Human Resource Strategy Formulation Research Paper

Human Resource Strategy Formulation - Research Paper Example The information relates to customer requirements, resource constraints, regulatory issues, industry trends, and stockholder demands (Gary, 2009). The stakeholders in the strategy formulation process must have knowledge of this information in order to operationalize it. The stakeholders should know to prioritize information. The information gathered has to be structured in a meaningful way in order to be actualized. The manpower in a business is the backbone of the business, and it is necessary to have the correct team. The workforce in any business enterprise must have the will, knowledge and expertise to perform the duties and deliver the desired results. They must work in unison and should work as a team rather than as individuals (Michael, 2011). The efforts, skills, and capabilities contributed by the organization’s workforce determine the achievement of the organization. A human resource strategy aims at satisfying the customer needs. The strategy aims at setting a direction which the workforce will follow to deliver a successful and sustainable customer satisfaction. To have a human resource that is committed to delivering its results, the organization needs to have principals laid out to be followed. The managers should be concerned about the human resource issues. The human resource of the organization should be involved in all decision making levels of the organization. To ensure that customers are satisfied, the organization should develop a culture that ensures all members of staff are committed to the organization’s performance and improvement (Chris, 2010). Also, there should be a spirit of team work, cooperation and trust for better performance. Human resource is the department in any business enterprise which determines the success or failure of its operations. The human resource in any organization should be managed well and organized in a

Medical Law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical Law coursework - Essay Example The right of younger children to provide independent consent is proportionate to their competence, but a child's age alone is clearly an unreliable predictor of his or her competence to make decisions. A judgment in the High Court in 1983 laid down criteria for establishing whether a child, irrespective of age, had the capacity to provide valid consent to treatment in specified circumstances. Two years later these criteria were approved in the House of Lords and became widely acknowledged as the "Gillick test," after the name of a mother who had challenged health service guidance that would have allowed her daughters aged under 16 to receive confidential contraceptive advice without her knowledge. As long ago as 1969 the Family Law Reform Act declared that consent to medical treatment given by a minor of sixteen "shall be as effective as it would be if he were of full age," (1969) and in such cases parental consent need not be obtained. The empowered children to make informed decisions based on their competence and capacity. This view of children's legal rights have been strengthened in Gillick v. West Norfolk & Wisbech Area Health Authority (1985) where House of Lords ruling declared that "parental responsibility diminishes as child acquires sufficient understanding to make his own decisions" and that "at common Law a child of sufficient intelligence and understanding could consent to treatment, notwithstanding the absence of parents consent." This judgment clearly and expressly declared that a doctor might provide contraception to minor under sixteen with or without her parents consent. The law did not recognise any rule of absolute parental authority until a fixed age: parental rights were recognised by the law only as long as they were needed for the protection of the child and such rights yielded to the child's right to make his own decisions when he reached a sufficient understanding and intelligence to be capable of making up his own mind. This has to be an exercise backed by sound clinical judgm ent taking into consideration what is best for the patients health. This was further supported by Health's Guidelines for Ethics Committee (1991) which holds that parental consent cannot override a competent child's refusal of consent. This was also supported in 1984 by the British Medical Association's Philosophy and Practice of Medical Ethics (1988) which advises that physicians may provide contraceptive to mentally mature women under sixteen without parental notification or consent if that clinically serves the patients best interest. (Kessel, 1993 ) Here the conflict is between autonomy and dependency, which characterizes the legal position of the minors. This lays emphasis on the rights to decide on the matters of sexuality, reproduction, partnership, marriage and parenthood which are influenced and limited by parental rights and also affected by state regulation. This leads to the more pertinent question of the social rights of minors around the issue of sex education, as one of the most controversial subjects investigated.

Less Talk, More Work Essay Example for Free

Less Talk, More Work Essay Have you ever thought that there is a greater need to work constantly on a daily basis than to catch up on your social life with family and friends? Work addiction is a growing problem today. Most workaholics seem to put work, a main priority, before anything else such as time spent with others. The obsession with work is due to many reasons. For some people, work is needed to earn money to pay for necessary expenses such as food and bills. However, too much of a workload affects a person mentally, physically, or even both. Stress is one of the many reactions when it comes to constant hours or days spent at work. In â€Å"The Company Man,† written by Ellen Goodman, the main character Phil shows how chaotic he is with himself and with his work that eventually leads to his tragic farewell. The lifestyle of working excessively is common. The idea of becoming a workaholic is to strive for a certain value or feeling for oneself. Goodman’s story of The Company Man illustrates a vivid example of a common workaholic. If a workaholic is spotted, the image is depicted as â€Å"anxious, guilt-ridden, insecure, or self-righteous about †¦work†¦ a slave to a set schedule, merciless in his demands upon himself for peak performance †¦compulsively overcommitted† (Marlowitz 7). This workaholic image illustrates Phil. In Phil’s world, everything he does is directed towards work. As an addict living with a wife and three children, he works nearly every day as well as many nights (Goodman 61). He works for an important company, serving as a vice president (Goodman 60-61). Having a high-level position makes him feel important because he â€Å"worked like the Important People† (Goodman 61). Based on his high position, Goodman hints at Phil’ s pride, a powerful factor influencing his motivation and duty to work. While Phil is driven mainly by pride there are many other reasons why he works too hard. These reasons include his identity, self-respect, self-esteem, self-doubts, pressure from family expectations, perfectionism, a coping mechanism for his negative emotions, and his obsessive-compulsive behavior. Some of the key components of workaholism include intensity, energy, competition, and motivation (Machlowitz 26). Workaholism also includes three other main components such as enjoyment, drive, and work involvement (McMillan). When it comes to workaholic men like Phil, they view themselves as the family caretaker and feel completely responsible for taking care of all the family needs (Killinger 139). This viewpoint brings pressure on workaholic men because they feel that they are expected to ensure that there is both financial protection and emotional well-being in the family (Killinger 139). They must be independent especially with earning money. Money attracts power, freedom, and independence (Schaef 120). Chasing after the goal of money-making is a way for workaholics to ga in achievement, which sets off a powerful drive (Schaef 120). Not only do pressures from the family increase this drive, but the work addict himself plays a factor as well. A workaholic is able to enjoy and love a job if he is fairly good at it. His self-esteem increases with the thought of being good at something. Therefore, he would feel even better and take even greater pride in what he knows and what he is capable of doing. This pride takes over and motivates him to excel and become a perfectionist. However, there comes a moment when perfection gets out of hand and he develops an obsession. A psychological dependence grows out of the addictive behavior from workaholism (McMillan). Work becomes central and all other aspects of life are forgotten (Schaef 119). As compulsive workers, they become obsessed with work and cannot stop (Shimazu). Their drive is ongoing with the thought of taking charge and taking control over everything and everyone (Shimazu). Fears, doubts, and insecurities start to develop inside, which pushes their mindset to work to the full extent. Aside from these feelings, workaholics hold ambitions, enabling them to be superior and competitive at all times, which can bring an overload of stress (Machlowitz 43). Working hard appears to be the only solution to overcome and avoid negative emotions such as anxiety and to gain respect and approval from others (Machlowitz 43). Other reasons for Phil’s obsession with work include his Type A personality and fears of laziness, failure, and loss of control, and. Phil is motivated to work long and hard because he cannot bear the thought of failing. Failure portrays the end of the world to workaholics like Phil; therefore, they must succeed (Machlowitz 41). Another fear is laziness. Ironically, workaholics hold a strange belief that they are naturally lazy (Machlowitz 42). As a result, they drive themselves even harder to avoid falling behind in work. Some, but not all, workaholics develop a Type A personality. This personality consists of negative traits such as impatience, aggressiveness, and competitive impulses (Machlowitz 44). A Type A also includes the need to rush, to work rapidly, and to set aside feelings such as fatigue during working hours (Machlowitz 44). Workaholics hold an illusion over the loss of control (Machlowitz 45). Because of their obsession, they are made to believe they are given all the respect and hold all the power if everything is done only their way and no one else’s (Killinger 8). Work has the ability to consume selfish and demanding feelings in an addict (Killinger 9). Being a workaholic can significantly affect both psychological and physiological health. According to Barbara Killinger, workaholics are at a loss because they suffer through many mixed emotions. Workaholics experience confusion and pressure from their families, doctors, or colleagues which causes them to reduce the amount of hours they work (133). Severe fatigue and exhaustion also occur (133). When they decide to slack off and the work starts piling up, they are at a loss of control, becoming stressed, overwhelmed, and panicky, and experience claustrophobic moments (134). Some, but not all, may feel empty and at a loss for sense of direction (134). They may also become overly sensitive, restless, and easily annoyed (134). They then go into frenzy, taking all things personally (134). Workaholics have a problem with the need to regain control in order to feel satisfied after (134). They know they cannot accept failure and so, the goal is to succeed fully, otherwise, they turn irate and feel worthless (134). However, the more adrenalin they build up into their system, the more constant fatigue they will most likely experience after (134). Barbara Killinger also mentions fatigue as a leading cause of a number of conditions in behavior (134). A pattern of eating and sleeping changes, sexual desires increase or decrease, inability to concentrate, and lack of motivation in work or play. Other signs include isolation from family and friends, memory loss, mental, physical and emotional exhaustion, unreasonable frustration or mistrust, and lack of care and need to distance oneself from a problem (134). In addition to these signs of depression are the harmful responses from anxiety and workaholism. Such responses can include inability to keep calm, nervousness, dizziness, abnormal blood pressure, heart problems, difficulty breathing, and other physiological symptoms (135). As for the psychological responses, these include an increase in stress and defense responses. Once they experience extreme anxiety they may cope by resorting to fantasy and exaggeration (135). Excessive worry and sense of sudden danger occur as well (135). Once workaholics become paranoid, they also experience high levels of doubt. They feel anxious and worry that bad things are about to occur (135). Going back to Phil, he most likely could have experienced one or more of these kinds of signs or symptoms. As the passage states, â€Å"Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard. If he wasn’t at the office, he was worried about it. Phil was a Type A, a heart-attack natural.† (Goodman 62). Therefore, he did have three symptoms: nervousness, worry, and heart problems. These symptoms did some serious harm to him. It is no surprise that Phil passed away because of a coronary thrombosis (Goodman 60). Workaholism also affects those around the workaholic. Very often, workaholics do not consider how their behavior affects others, particularly family members. Consider Phil from The Company Man as an example. Work interference puts the role of parenting in jeopardy. Work serves as the main priority. Because Phil works so much, this interferes with his ability to be a good parent (Killinger 159). There are three types of fathers: authoritarian father, indulgent father, and negligent father (Killinger 147). All three types affect children in negative ways (Killinger 147). Phil is the negligent father type. He is oblivious to the needs of his family and engages solely in work (Killinger 147). A lack of communication exists between Phil and his twenty-four-year-old daughter. They have nothing to say to one another (Goodman 61). A lack of interaction also occurs between Phil and his twenty-year-old son who graduated from high school and works various jobs to support himself for food (Goodman 61). Phil is impressed by his son’s good actions of earning money and the son is Phil’s favorite. However, Phil’s absence and his unavailability is such a disappointment, especially for his son. Phil’s son tries so hard to reach out and grab his attention and approval (Killinger 161-62). Although Phil shows little affection by staying up many nights in excessive worry for his son, it is still not enough to say that there is interaction or love between the two because there is none. Sons of missing fathers think as if they don’t belong in society and feel like outsiders (Killinger 162). As a result, these negative thoughts and feelings cause them to turn to drugs and crime or drop out of school (Killinger 162). From the money Phil’s son earns, he uses it to buy â€Å"grass† or drugs (Goodman 61). His action portrays how badly affected he is for the lack of acceptance, personal warmth, and value he desperately needs from his father (Killinger 162). The negative affection is the same for Phil’s forty-eight-year-old wife Helen (Goodman 61). Phil’s constant absences emotionally harm her the most. As a spouse, it is hard to maintain an intimate, loving relationship if the significant other happens to be a work addict (McMillan). Maintaining such a need leads to a bad outcome. Since there is no emotional attachment, care, and intimacy presented, the relationship is put at risk due to work interference (McMillan). In addition, the family is left in dissatisfaction and distress. Phil chooses to give up his social life, an essential value, instead of his work obsession, what he believes to be most important than anything else (McMillan). Having to continue putting up with Phil’s behavior, Helen is left with no choice but to give up trying to fix the problem of keeping everyone united together when the real problem is Phil and his lack of presence and his role as the father. Emotional damage is not just in family members but in coworkers as well. Coworkers have to deal with the complaints and demands from workaholics (Machlowitz 52). In addition, they are given all the blame and criticism, especially if tasks are not done perfectly (Machlowitz 54). Some workaholics tend to do more than what is expected of them, making everyone else’s hard work seem very little as if they have not done enough (Shimazu). Recognized as aggressive individuals, workaholics put a great amount of pressure and verbal harassment on coworkers (Machlowitz 44). Because of this negative abuse, coworkers may feel easily annoyed or put down too much, which can affect their work performance (Shimazu 156). According to Marilyn Machlowitz, there are actually four types of work addicts (32). Knowing for a fact that there is more than one type is unusual for one may assume all workaholics are the same based on the one activity they have in common: work obsession. However, this assumption is not true. The four types of work addicts are the dedicated workaholic, the integrated workaholic, the diffuse workaholic, and the intense workaholic (33). Phil is a dedicated workaholic because this type of workaholic has no outside activities or hobbies (33). If anything, their relationship with their job serves as the only activity they will ever have because it is their only prime focus. Consider the line of the white rabbit in Alice in Wonderland, â€Å"I’m late, I’m late, for a very important date. No time to say hello, goodbye, I’m late, I’m late, I’m late!† (Killinger 132). Every second is precious because time is a major necessity that cannot afford to go to waste (Machlowitz 31). Impatience is presented but a strong dedication is shown as well. Workaholism works the same way. Like the white rabbit, Phil shows a strong commitment to work and to act on it fully. Studies have shown how badly workaholics put themselves in with themselves and their lives. Studies also show the negative health effects on workaholics more than non-workaholics such as sleeping problems, depression, and dissatisfaction with the balance between work and life, and constant worry over lack of quality time with family and friends (Keown). For example, 56% admit being unable to make time for leisure and making plans to change all that (Keown). Another example declared that one-third prefers to be more isolated (Keown). These studies show how much of a huge impact work has on their identity (Keown). Although they accept the consequences they must bear and the sacrifices they must cope with, workaholism does not eliminate the outcome of having poor detrimental health. Everyone has their own excuses, reasons, and values to workaholism. Their compulsive attitude and behavior gives the impression that nothing gets in the way of work, the â€Å"only† priority in life. However, workaholism puts one’s health, whether mental or physical, at high risk. Emotional and physical harm is targeted not just towards the workaholic but towards his or her family members and coworkers too. The Company Man depicts Phil’s workaholism displaying a serious effect on his wife and children. His work obsession also illustrates the loss of his social life with his family and his coworkers.

Planet Cyborg Essay -- Technology Science Medicine

Planet Cyborg Since the beginning of civilization, the concept of a super-human has fascinated our species. Whether imagined as a semi-god, super-hero, or monster, the vision of some superior yet human-like being never seems to die out through time. An equal, if not more of a plausibility than artificial intelligence is the emergence of a sub-species of humans enhanced with artificial or computerized limbs, organs, and capabilities. Fundamentally, however, an increase in cyborg technology will alter our conception of intellgence just as much as the achievement of A.I. The term cyborg originated in 1960 as a combination of â€Å"cybernetic† and â€Å"organism,† coined by NASA scientist Manfred Clynes as he envisioned the modification of humans to be more space-compatible.[1] Since then, the term has been tossed around from the media to science-fiction authors as a general reference toward human-machine integrations. As alien as these concepts still seem, a great deal of cybernetic technology has undergone implementation in today’s society—beginning with the basic bionic building blocks of artificial limbs and organs. The earliest reports of attempts at life-like prosthetics come from 1504, with an account of a clumsy but functional iron hand with flexible joints.[2] Modern bionic limbs are not a far cry from the naturalness of the artificial hand that wowed the audiences of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back over two decades ago. With today’s technology, prosthetics are more than mere stand-ins for limbs and organs, but can, through complex wiring systems, undertake the actual functions of the missing parts by responding to electro-chemical signals sent from the brain. The Dobelle Instit... ...eck Muscle.†Chemistry and Industry (20 May 2002): 7. Gray, Chris Hables. Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge, 2001. â€Å"Historical Highlights in Bionics and Related Medicine.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1003. Towner, Natalie. â€Å"Cyborg.† Computer Weekly (29 August 2002): 31. Expanded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. Accessed 10 November 2002. Underhill, William. â€Å"Merging Man and Machine.† Newsweek (14 October 2002): 38Z. University of Reading Department of Cybernetics. â€Å"Professor Kevin Warwick.† Available from http://www.cyber.rdg.ac.uk/people/K.Warwick.htm. Accessed 10 November 2002. Vogel, Gretchen. â€Å"Part Man, Part Computer: Researcher Tests the Limits.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1020. Warwick, Kevin. â€Å"Budding Cyborg.† New Scientist, 173 (30 March 2002): 19.

La Traviata :: essays research papers

La Traviata A Commentary The film â€Å"La Triviata† displayed a fundamental romantic attack on conventional bourgeois morals, arguing that a good heart is more important than social acceptance, that the distinctions which split the beau monde (socially elite) from the demimonde (courtesans) are harsh and hypocritical, and that true love must triumph over all. Alfredo’s father destroyed this relationship when he pays visit to Violetta and request she break off the relationship with his son. Alfredo’s sister is engaged to be married, but if word of his affair with Violetta were to get out, the engagement would be terminated. During this time even the most respectful families would not even want to associate with another family in which one of the members was entangled with such a sinful person. This demonstrates that marriage is viewed as a business arrangement put together by families, rather than by the love between two people. Like the characters in the film, women in the 19th century didn’t have many choices in life. They were expected to get married and be supported by a husband. For those few who didn’t sometimes became prostitutes or if they were lucky, courtesans. Any woman who slept with a man before marriage was thought to be â€Å"ruined† (unfit to wed), and should be shunned as a social outcast. For many such women prostitution was a means of survival. Violetta represents the extent of female independence in the 19th century. She uses men to ‘survive’ by accepting gifts and money, but she is not trapped in the legal repression of marriage. Violetta’s life is filled with parties and wealthy male companions provide her with far more excitement in life than would the traditional role of marriage. However, Violetta’s choice is misleading, for she knows that a woman in this time can’t go against tradition without facing severe repercussions. Contradictions and hypocrisy was prevalent between the lives and values of the bourgeois gentlemen. Prostitution and gambling were extremely popular and widespread, at the same time they were being publically condemned. Men were expected to have mistresses whom they supported financially; but they were expected to conceal that fact, and they were expected not to fall in love with them.

The Beach Descriptive Essay.

Ddirk Mrs. K English 9 A October 24, 2012 Descriptive Essay The look of glee on people faces is the look that you might expect from a child on Christmas day. Why this look? They are on the most amazing place on earth truly it’s a gift from God Himself the â€Å"beach†. The beach is a quiet and peaceful place but at the same time it can be so noisy because the number of people that are on this beach is as if the new iphone 5 is being sold. You just have to allow yourself to become that carefree kid again and let go.As I look out to sea I hear and see the waves crashing down so eager to get to the shore line and I think how can something so beautiful be so deadly at the same time? I am completely unaware of my surroundings as I am lost deep in thought. I hear nothing. Then I am taken aback by the sound of a child’s pure laughter a sound that you would only expect to hear from a child but wait! It’s not a sound of one child laughter it’s a sound of a w hole family completely care free and undaunted by the problem they have, for now the biggest problem they have is who’s sand castle is the best.All they want to do is enjoy these memories in the making and have fun. If you are not careful you might let go of you worries and fear and become a child again. On this sunny beach the hot sand is messed up from people walking on it, making sand castles, hand prints from little kids who are so eager to get themselves messy and my personal favorite foot prints in the sand from big and little kids all alike. I look at the sand as I am walking and I realize just how many sand dollars, seashells and rocks are hidden in the sand just barely visual to a wandering eye.It is like they are playing a game of peek-a-boo with you, not wanting to be caught but also not wanting to be unaware of their surroundings. As I reach out to pick up neat sand dollars that are hairy it’s almost like you are picking up a spider or something that is gro ss, seashells that are so cold that you would think they had been in the freezer, rocks that are so flat and smooth its unreal, and drift wood that is so smooth you don’t get splinters. The sound of seagulls squawking is so loud that you think that you might go crazy if you ere another one squawk again, yet this apart of the beauty of the beach and they too are an amazing part of the beach. Yum†¦ the smell of the beach goes from smelling like a fish hatchery, to the smell of people cooking food on the grill and then you suddenly realize you too are hungry. Its lunch time and it’s time to try to get the sand that is inevitable off of you. I walk into the water unaware that the water is as cold as ice the water reaches my toes first and my instant reaction is to scream.I scream and run out and I am greeted with the stares from the on goers I am instantly embarrassed and suddenly feel like everybody on the beach is staring at me and is wondering what is wrong with th at girl? I should have known that the water would be cold because it’s always cold what was I thinking? I guess I was still in awe of the beauty of the beach I think to myself I will and will never get tired of this amazing and beautiful place for as long as I live. It has been I long day and I am exhausted from such a long day of fun.As the wind on my face is like a fan blowing directly in front of me, cooling of the beach and the people from the heat. I think to myself what makes the beach wonderful is the sound of children’s laughter, the squawking of those annoying seagulls, the smell of the fish hatchery, the grainy feeling of the sand that always seems to get into your mouth no matter what, the smell and the taste of the salty water that you swallow and just the smell of outdoors and wood burning.Those are the things that make up a beach; without those things it would not be near as exciting. As I watch the sunset I realize that the worries of the real world may sometimes not allow a person to become a child again and how sad to think they are on an amazing place with so much beauty which you should be carefree and they can’t because they are not able to let go. I love the beach! I believe it was and is a blessing from God.

Early Western Philosophy of Religion Essay

of the classical three laws of rational thinking. Claiming that every proposition is either true or not true, the first law summarily excludes the possibility of a middle-of-the-road alternative between two extremes. The second law states that it is not possible for something to be both true and not true at once and in the same contextual framework. The third law ascribes specific traits to everything. In other words, no two things are similar to each other (De Riemer, 2009). Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury and one of the torchbearers of the Gregorian mission, challenged the validity of the law of the excluded middle by raising questions about the moment of death, when a person is alive and yet to die. Such a brief transition, according to him, does not conform to the basic assumption stated in the law of the excluded middle, for the dying instance falls in a temporal void where this law is nonfunctional (Stump & Kretzmann, 2001, p. 112). He, however, supported the law of noncontradiction on the basis of having certitude of knowledge about a given statement. Thus, he argued that â€Å"If there is one sun, there are not two† (Ibid, p. 163). In a way, Augustine endorsed inductive reasoning to substantiate his viewpoints on the foundational laws of thought. However, when it came to analyzing the law of identity, he discarded epistemological reasoning and embraced the core of Christian worldviews. The law of intrinsic essence of every being was, according to his opinion, a hypothesis that is relative to the monistic identity of the highest form of Being, e. g. God Himself. In other words, it is possible to develop collective identity given that it finds a stake similar to God’s image (Ibid, p. 87). Cosmological accounts of creation have been put forward by many of the early as well as modern thinkers. Various scientific theories have proved beyond doubt that our universe is not infinite. This proposition is tempting enough to ask what lies beyond the periphery. St. Thomas Aquinas, the medieval theologian and one of the seminal thinkers of his time, argued vociferously in favor of God’s existence on a cosmic level. His magnum opus Summa Theologiae is considered to be one of the treasure troves of philosophical treatises on creationism. Aquinas takes natural theology as the starting point of his argument. For nature, laws of existence are not rigid. It is possible for natural things to be born and destroyed, implying that everything is and is not at the same time. But it is truly impossible for anything to outlast its own expiration. What this means is that any form of existence is preceded by another form and that this chain continues backward till the creation of something that served independent of its own necessity for the sake of its succeeding creations. That something is nothing but what we believe as God (Meister, 2009, p. 67). I, despite being an atheist, strongly endorse the line of reasoning Aquinas used to prove God’s existence. He arrived at his intended position by means of teleological assumptions and subsequent cancellations – if A is true, A cannot be not true. This method of double negation, I believe, holds the secret to success of his originative theological account. References De Reimer, H. T. (2009). Infallible Logic, A Visible and Automatic System of Reasoning. Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar, LLC. Meister, C. (2009). Introducing Philosophy of Religion. New York: Taylor & Francis. Stump, E. , & Kretzmann, N. (2001). The Cambridge companion to Augustine. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Relationship between productivity and the cost of production Essay

What is the relationship between productivity and the cost of production? The relationship between productivity and the cost of production is your cost per day or per hour compared to your productivity. By examine these two things together. The productivity which is your output for the amount of hours worked compared to the total cost of a certain item – you will be able to reach a â€Å"break even analysis† showing you how much you need to a make minus the total coast to make a certain amount of money. Why is the demand of labor a derived demand? The request for labor is derivative from the production and demand for the item that is being demanded. If the demand for a particular item increases two things usually take place – Most likely the cost of the item will increase and the demand for manufacture labor will increase soon the equilibrium price and production numbers will meet What is the relationship between productivity and the wages earned by employees where you work or at an organization with which you are familiar? Usually but not in all cases, the more an employee produces the more valuable they are because they are adding value to the company but this is not always true and example would be a sweat shop . What are some factors that determine the level of your income? Explain your answer. A person’s level of education an example will be; someone with a Master’s degree with is valued more than someone with a high school diploma. A person’s special skill set will be in high demand due to the scarcity of being able to replace them and how long it took to gain the knowledge they have, an example would be a highly skilled brain surgeon. Also the amount of danger involved in doing a certain job, there are certain jobs that are extremely dangerous and not many people are willing to do them so the demand for the person who will do it would be high, example would be cleaning the windows of the Burj Khalifa building in Dubai. Describe an example you are familiar with in which a technological innovation led to an improvement in productivity. What was the effect on the cost of doing business or activity in which this technology was employed? How did this affect the prices of related inputs? There are many technology innovations which led to improved productivity but the one that stands out most in my mind would be the cell phone. Before cellphones people had to stay in touch through either a land line or a public phone. The cell phone made the need for both of these obsolete. When cell phones first came out they were very expensive and only a select few had them, today people change cell phones due to the low cost, like they buy a new pair of sneakers. Today’s cell phones are like mini computers, they give sales men, business deals, and anyone else constant access to information and to one another, this alone raises productivity.

Write an analytical essay about Orientalism and the Other

Write an analytical about Orientalism and the Other - Essay Example The article is well organized, first telling the reader what might be expected and then proceeding to discuss each of these items in turn. This helps to improve his argument because it seems straightforward. In his discussion regarding the ideas of Orientalism, for example, he traces the way in which social scientists have gradually become more aware of how their own culture colors perceptions of various elements of other cultures and their language reinforces the East/West dichotomies that foster continued flawed perception. His analysis of the writings of Max Weber regarding the Orient reveals exactly what he means when he says the very vocabulary of the sciences are guilty of reflecting the Orientalist approach. â€Å"He [Weber] contrasted the ‘sensual’ East with the ‘rational’ West, where denial of luxury was upheld by the Protestant church.† From this understanding of Weber’s focus, he then moves forward to trace this thought through the history of Orientalist criticism. â€Å"The first stage developed in the late 1950s and early 60s as Oriental Studies departments in the US, USSR and UK were reorganized,† while the second stage started with protests published by individuals from within the ‘oriental’ culture primarily championed by Abdel-Malek in the 60s and 70s. The third stage of this aspect of social theory development is identified by Walker as being the publication of Edward Said’s book Orientalism. Throughout, he demonstrates how the ideas of Marxism were frequently adopted by these critics as a means of overcoming some of the more glaring issues. As this discussion progresses, Walker manages to also demonstrate how the language itself poses a problem through asides such as â€Å"The terms ‘Third World’ and ‘non-Western’ are both culturally loaded and s uggest a dichotomy were there is, increasingly, not one.† This aspect of the

Behavior intervention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Behavior intervention - Research Paper Example results showed evidence of a significant reduction between the baseline and intervention phases with a reduction in the mean off-task time from 49% to 20%, a 59% decrease. The minimum and maximum frequencies in off-task behaviors were also reduced by 89% and 59% respectively with the minimum now only 5%. The effectiveness of the intervention strategy was established, and recommendations were made. Lorelei was diagnosed with a developmental delay condition and speech impairment that makes her non-verbal. She is described as a Non-Categorical Early Childhood (NEC) student, and an IEP (Individual Education Plan) has been specially devised for her that specifically addresses language difficulties, as well as sensory and academic areas. She is also: An outside observer would be able to quickly see that Lorelei has difficulties with her body control and with her ability to integrate sensorily into the classroom. She is non-compliant and engages in self-injurious behavior. She often bangs h er head for gaining attention, but she is unaware that banging her head too hard will hurt her. This is Loreleis second year where she is taught in a special PPCD along with 11 other special education students and ten other daycare students as peers who do not have a disability classroom. The teacher is assisted by three teacher assistants, and together they have the role of supporting all of the diverse learners in the classroom. The paraprofessional designated for supporting Lorelei tries her best to make her participate in the daily routine and in classroom activities as much as possible.

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Politics - Essay Example Through executive branch, the President takes a role of chief partisan for a political party, and the representative of the rest of Americans citizens. Founders of the executive focused on realities involved in managing anticipations of modern presidency, which is becoming more significant and bureaucratic compared to the past. The executive branch has a vital role of monitoring the American political system. Moreover, the executive has undergone an evolution through a focus on core policymaking, thereby experiencing crucial bureaucratic extension; for instance, approximately one thousand seven hundred people constituted the institution of the presidency. On the other hand, the executive branch of the government specializes in making policies, through the help of political advisors. Therefore, the President acquires the ability to satisfy the needs of the citizens through the executive branch, thereby meeting public expectations. In addition, there are experts in the executives focus ing on national security, agriculture and mass communication. Various developments in the executive branch of the government have led to an increased power of the President in order to keep pace with increased public expectations. The executive has been functioning through basic Constitutional framework, which is developed by the government through share powers. Nonetheless, there are situations when the President fails to meet these expectations and this calls for efforts to be made through the executive to convince other political actors in other branches of the government; in this case, this nature of the executive has led to dependency of the President on action of other branches of the government. The President who is a significant element of the executive has sought assistance from numerous advisors and organization in the process of managing their duties. For instance, the vice President takes the significant role of offering advice to the President; in fact, this is stipulat ed in the Constitution. There are other parties playing the advisory role through closing personal ties with the President; for example, the former U.S President had a tendency of relying on his brother Robert, while George Bush relied on his father for advice (Bond 461). In the executive branch of the government, the presidency has taken a significant role as an organization which comprises numerous individuals. However, the significant element of presidency as an office entails vice President, cabinet and EOP; apparently, there are other people serving as executive branch, who strive in process of accessing President, though some are more frequent compared to others. Judicial Branch: Judiciary as a branch focuses on serving as an adjudicator in democratic political process; in fact, it is a more applicable way of political conflicts resolution. It focuses on ensuring that the government makes decisions that are dependable on core democratic ideology of political liberty, equity an d majority rule. Therefore, a magistrate as a division of the government emphasizes dealing with conflict resolutions, though this is not easy (Bond 550). There are situations where the judges focus on making the necessary effort to embrace and acknowledge legitimate desires of majority based on expression in the law. Moreover, the judiciary branch focuses on dealing with freedom and equity by fostering protection of liberties of minorities from being subjected to infringement.

Reader response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Reader response - Essay Example For example, it is soiled and ripped. Additionally, it is an â€Å"unclean yellow† (Gilman, 1999). After gazing at the paper for a considerable amount of time, she figures a sub pattern shrouded by the main pattern. However, the pattern is only visible under a certain light. Ultimately, the sub pattern transforms into a woman, desperately trying to entangle herself from the primary pattern which resembles a cage. The wallpaper imagery represents the family and tradition structure in which the narrator finds herself trapped. The cage emanating from the wallpaper has been festooned with heads of women who had tried to escape. All these women were strangled in the process of escaping. Therefore, The Yellow Wallpaper is symbolic of the concept of true womanhood. The cult or concept binds and restricts women to the family and home. These parameters were determined by men. The heads festooned on the cage illustrates the fate that befalls women who try to tamper with the laid down concepts that made a true woman. Any woman who defied was termed as an enemy of civilization and God. The imagery of the wallpaper is significant since it highlights or is used to represent the domestic life that snares a lot of women in

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Individual Entrepreneurship Essay

Managing Entrepreneurial Enterprises' Individual Entrepreneurship Interview - Essay Example I always like seeing things being done the right way and thus, I prefer employing myself in order to control my business my own way. In my business, I can make my own rules without consulting any person except my employees Charantimath, 2006, 23). Secondly, I like being independent with my own goals and objectives that I have set to achieve. Individuality is a characteristic that enables me to be to stand even when faced with challenges without expecting help form any person. Therefore, as an entrepreneur I can be totally independent without sharing profits or losses with anyone. How do you security in your business? I am a goal oriented person. Setting goals gives a person assurance and security at work since, when the goals are accomplished; it implies that it cannot fail at given time. An entrepreneur has to be focused at achieving his or her goals since; a business is driven by the goals (Eric, 2012, 12). Without goals, the employment security of the employer is at stake and can fail anytime. How do you manage to succeed in your business? First I am a disciplined person. I do not waste time on issues that might lead to failure of my business. I am also punctual in my work. I ensure that all my projects are completed within the speculated time. Discipline also helps me to keep deadlines and be serious with every part of the business (Bridge, 2010, 35). It is also a factor that helps me to ensure that there is no wastage of resources in the business. Therefore, as an entrepreneur, I have managed to succeed through ensuring that every line of work is well coordinated without taking any part for granted. How do you manage to keep your business running despite the stiff competition in the technology industry? The main strategy that I use is creativity and innovativeness. Entrepreneurship is all about generating of new and unique ideas in order to challenge those of competitors. For instance, in the technology industry I have to ensure that I am updated on all th e updated technology such as new brands of computers and laptops. I also have to innovate new ways of repairing different parts of the instruments. This helps me to attract new customers and provide them with quality services (Under30CEO, 2010, 65). One character trait that also helps me manage the competition is being a risk taker. As a risk taker, I can take advantage of different opportunities in life without fearing the possible losses. This way I can come up with quality features that can be used in building my business. For instance, purchasing laptops in bulk from foreign countries is extremely risky since; one is never certain if the laptops will be purchased by customers. However, as an entrepreneur, I have to take the risk since; that way I will increase my profits. This character is also supported by the fact that I am an opportunistic person. How do you ensure that, as an entrepreneur, opportunities do not pass you by? I take advantage of the different opportunities that my competitors may be ignoring. This way, my business can thrive above others since I will be equipped with unique ideas (Rex Bookstore, 2012, 45). I am also a thinker; I find my way out of the hard parts of the business that I may face. For instance, if a laptop has been repaired and it is not yet working, as an entrepreneur I have to think of the probable cause of the problem. Therefore, as an entrepreneur I cannot afford to run out of ideas at any one point in time. This has also helped to be above my competitors since; while other companies might tell

My Daughter Azul Essay Example for Free

My Daughter Azul Essay I’m not speaking about the blue color, even though â€Å"azul† means blue, this time I talking about my daughter, my little piece of blue sky named Azul. I have a wonderful family; we are all Mexican, my husband, Jose; my little men, Pepito; and my beautiful daughter, Azul. I’m proud of my daughter because she is a brilliant student, a very happy girl, and a great sister. Azul is well known in her school for being a wonderful learner. She won â€Å"Student of the Month† twice last year, this might sound like â€Å"Is not a big deal†, but consider that last year, while we were living in Mexico, she didn ´t know a word about English and now she is earning all kind of awards in a language that is not her mother tongue. Her teacher says that she works in class as a bee. She gets up really early to get ready for school, sometimes she asks me to go to wait for the bus twenty minutes before the bus arrives, she really enjoys going to school. My daughter is a very joyful girl, she sings and dances all the time, every afternoon she steps in front of the TV and looks at music videos to dance and sing with her friends, they look at her like a rock star and all laugh between songs and dancing moves. Is amazing how she makes fun of nothing at all; she’s as happy as the day is long. These good qualities are not even the half when you compare them to her value as a sister. She takes care of Pepito whenever I ask her to do it. She comforts and huge to him when she sees him crying. She could spend all day playing, running, and having fun with him. All these things might sound like the kind of things that any older sister does with her younger brother, but what I really think that makes a real difference is the fact that Azul knows how hard it can be when you arrive to any place and you don’t understand anything about they are saying, that’s why she really cares about teaching to her baby brother with love to speak in both languages, English and Spanish. That’s why I’m really happy and proud of my daughter and I know that she will have a brilliant future in many ways. I wish she always be happy and her smile remains forever.

Supply Chain Management: Boeing And Airbus

Supply Chain Management: Boeing And Airbus I would like to mention a subject relating to aviation industry, especially in leasing aircraft sector. The most important task in this sector is how to order, purchase and lease back aircraft to airlines. But to implement this task, we should know in detail how the aircraft assembly process under the control of aircraft manufacture is. In Vietnam, the aviation market has a great development with the air traffic increasing year by year. In order to meet the high demand, Vietnamese airliners have to add more aircraft to their fleet. They not only purchase aircraft by itself, but also need to lease from aircraft lessors. So that, aircraft lessors have to support airlines to develop their fleet. Beside, leasing aircraft sector is the new one in Vietnam aviation industry. With this purpose, this final paper will provide an overview of the supply chain management practices by Airbus and Boeing in their new products as Airbus A350 XWB (Extra Wide Body) and Boeing B787 Dreamliners and how the both aircraft manufactures apply lean process management. Understanding this process, aircraft lessors will make a suitable decision to purchase aircrafts. On this occasion, I would like to thanks my partners in Boeing Commercial Airplane and Airbus SAS for providing necessary internal documents for reference. I also thanks my colleague in aircraft technical section in my company, Vietnam Aircraft Leasing Company, and technical staff from Vietnam Airlines Corporation for supporting during the data collection. 2. Research Goals and Approach: 2.1 Goals: In this final paper, I would like to provide the some overview for understanding the emerging of supply chain management strategies in the commercial aviation industry. It also shows the longer-term implications of the supply chain management in the aviation industry in the future. 2.2 Approach: To implement a comparative analysis of supply chain management applied by Boeing and Airbus and their lean process management. To focus on two new large development programs in commercial aviation (Boeing 787 Dreamliners and Airbus A350 XWB). To concentrate on the common set of suppliers supporting both programs to develop a sharp compare and contrast perspective, looking at Boeing Airbus from the vantage point of these common suppliers. 3. Literature review: The extensive literature showing that lean supply chain management practices represent a critical source of sustained competitive advantage and containing some factors as following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier network architecture linked to companys vision strategy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Early supplier integration into design and development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Visibility and transparency through open communications. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Long-term, trust-based, mutually-beneficial relationships. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continuous supplier development process improvement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New supplier network architectures represent a defining feature of emerging new business models for managing complexity, uncertainty and competition in a globalized market environment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Access to investment capital, new markets and new sources of innovation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater outsourcing, strategic alliances partnerships, delegation of greater responsibilities to suppliers to minimize risk and transaction costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internet-enabled information technologies and systems radically redefining supplier integration via improved information visibility and information-sharing efficiency gains. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Machine-to-machine data communication system integration globally. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unprecedented visibility, transparency and accuracy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater flexibility in interconnecting different systems, facilitating both bilateral and multilateral collaboration. 4. Research Design: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To develop baseline data about the individual supplier companies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To gauge whether and the extent to which they are employing lean practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To assess the extent to which the two large customer companies are practicing lean principles in their engagement with the suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To document the extent to which the two large customer companies have proactively required the suppliers to adopt lean practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To develop more deeply into specific topical areas (e.g., role in design development, information/communication links, contract design). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To probe how exactly the two customer companies manage their relationships with these specific suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Open source information to ensure external validity generalizability. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the two companies their supply chain management practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the two specific programs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the common suppliers. 5. Boeing 787 Program: 5.1 Overview: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Launch Year in 2002 in order to responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes new airplane is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a super-efficient airplane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett, Washington facility near Seattle. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Represents Boeings response to expected demand for an aircraft that would cost less to own, operate and maintain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Targeted at the middle of the market segment the rapid, direct, point-to-point connections aviation market segment, with capacity of 250 passengers. Unparalleled Performance At the first stage of the program, Boeing tent to launch 03 type of aircraft: 787-3, 787-8, 787-9 but up to now, there are 02 main versions. The 787-8 Dreamliner will carry 210 250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 787-9 Dreamliner will carry 250 290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers). In addition to bringing big-jet ranges to mid-size airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than todays similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to todays fastest wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will enjoy more cargo revenue capacity. Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience. Advanced Technology The key to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team. 50 percent of the primary structure including the fuselage and wing on the 787 will be made of composite materials. An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787s systems, which will be more simplified than todays airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating health-monitoring systems that will allow the airplane to self-monitor and report maintenance requirements to ground-based computer systems. General Electric and Rolls-Royce are the two engine manufacture to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advances in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly two-generation jump in technology for the middle of the market. Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a one-piece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 aluminum sheets and 40,000 50,000 fasteners. Continuing Progress The Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. Program launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from All-Nippon Airways. Since that time, 56 customers from six continents of the world have placed orders for 847 airplanes valued at $147 billion, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeings history. The 787 program opened its final assembly plant in Everett in May 2007. First flight of the 787 Dreamliner occurred in Dec. 2009. The program has signed on more than 40 of the worlds most capable top-tier supplier partners and together finalized the airplanes configuration in September 2005. Boeing has been working with its top tier suppliers since the early detailed design phase of the program and all are connected virtually at 135 sites around the world. Eleven partners from around the world completed facility construction for a total of three million additional square feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market. 5.2. Specification Model B787-8 B787-9 Engine GEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000 GEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000 Range 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers) 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers) Seat 210 to 250 passengers 250 to 290 passengers Configuration Twin aisle Twin aisle Cross Section 226 inches (574 centimeters) 226 inches (574 centimeters) Wing Span 197 feet (60 meters) 197 feet (60 meters) Length 186 feet (57 meters) 206 feet (63 meters) Height 56 feet (17 meters) 56 feet (17 meters) Cruise Speed Mach 0.85 Mach 0.85 Total Cargo Volume 4,400 cubic feet 5,400 cubic feet Max Takeoff Weight 502,500 lbs (227,930 kilograms) 545,000 lbs (247,208 kg) Program milestones: Authority to offer: late 2003 Program launch: April 2004 Assembly start: 2006 First roll-out ceremony: July 2007 First flight: December 2009 First delivery: Mid Q1/2011 (estimated) 5.3. Program Fact Sheet: The 787 Program covers many areas of interest, from the market, customers, and airplane technology to manufacturing enhancements and an extensive partner team, among others. Here are some interesting facts and figures on a number of these topic areas: Market size: 3,310 units over 20 years (Boeing Market Forecast 2009-2028) Firm orders by customer (up to October 2010 at www.boeing.com) Model Series Orders Deliveries Total B787-8 629 629 B787-9 218 218 B787 Total 847 847 B787 vs. B777 on composites and aluminum (by weight): B787 B777 50 % composites 12 % composites 20 % aluminum 50 % aluminum Material breakout on B787: Composites: 50% Aluminum: 20% Titanium: 15% Steel: 10% Other: 5% Better designe: More fuel efficient: 20 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanes Produces fewer emissions: 20 % fewer than similarly sized airplanes Better cash seat mile costs than peer airplanes: 10 % Better maintenance costs: 30% Generators: Four at 250 kVA (two per engine) Two at 225 kVA (on auxiliary power unit) Hydraulic power: Distributed at: 5,000 pounds per square inch on the 787 3,000 pounds per square inch standard Advantage of the new electric architecture: Extracts as much as 35 percent less power from the engines than traditional pneumatic systems on todays airplanes. US and non-US content on the 787: Roughly 70 percent US Roughly 30 percent non-US. The number of new city pairs the 787 will connect: At least 450 Other special features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Represents large step towards all-electric-airplane, one in which all systems are run by electricity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Driven by the belief that power electronics, key to the all-electric airplane, are on a steep curve of performance cost improvement, while pneumatic systems growth has tapped out around 1995. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The traditional bleed air and hydraulic power are replaced with electrically powered compressors and pumps. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cabin pressurized by electric motors, not by bleed air used by almost every pressurized aircraft. An open architecture centralized computer hosts the avionics and utility functions, rather than dozens of individual buses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Anti-icing of the wing to be done with electric heat instead of bleed air. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Composites: resist long-term wear and tear, because cracks do not propagate from holes as in aluminum; inspections are made easier; maintenance intervals stretched to 1000 hrs (compared with 500 hrs for 767 or 700 hrs for A330 the two most prominent aircraft 787 aims to replace). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Much more savvy focus on flexible financing arrangements, plus closer attention to passenger comfort, fuel burn and life cycle costs. 6. Airbus A350 XWB Program: 6.1. Overview: Aimed at compete with B787 from Boeing, Airbus has decided to build A350 XWB based on the technologies developed for A380. The Airbus A350 XWB is a long-range, mid-size, wide-body family of airliners currently under development by European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. The A350 will be the first Airbus with both fuselage and wing structures made primarily of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer. The A350 is designed to compete with the Boeing 777 and the Boeing 787. Airbus claims that it will be more fuel-efficient, with up to 8% lower operating cost than the Boeing 787. It is scheduled to enter into airline service during the second half of 2013. The launch customer for the Airbus A350 is Qatar Airways. Development costs are projected to be US$15 billion. Airbus utilises next-generation manufacturing and assembly techniques to make the A350 XWB a more efficient and reliable aircraft. The A350 XWB is equipped with an advanced cockpit and onboard systems optimised for robustness and simplicity, while its advanced wing design makes this aircraft faster and quieter. The A350 XWBs onboard systems are designed for maximum reliability, operability and simplicity. The advanced wing design of the A350 XWB will make it a faster, quieter and more efficient aircraft. Airbus utilises new techniques to optimise the A350 XWBs weight, maintenance and operating costs. The A350 XWBs cockpit features the latest in display technology and integrated modular avionics. 6.2. Specification: Aircraft Dimensions Overall length 198 ft.7.5 in. 219 ft. 5.5 in. 242 ft. 4.7 in. Height 55 ft. 11.3 in. 55 ft. 11.3 in. 55 ft. 11.3 in. Fuselage diameter 19 ft. 58 in. (horiz) 19 ft. 58 in. (horiz) 19 ft. 6 in. (horiz) Wingspan (geometric) 212 ft. 5 in. 212 ft. 5 in. 212 ft. 5 in. Wing area (reference) 4,740 ft2 4,767 ft2 4,767 ft2 Wing sweep (25% chord) 31.9 degrees 31.9 degrees 31.9 degrees Wheelbase 81 ft. 7 in. 94 ft. 1 in. 108 ft. 7 in. Wheel track 34 ft. 9 in. 34 ft. 9 in. 35 ft. 2 in. Basic Operation Data Engines 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB Engine thrust range 75,000 lb. slst. 84,000 lb. slst. 93,000 lb. slst. Typical passenger seating 270 (3-class) 314 (3-class) 350 (3-class) Range (w/max. passengers) 8,300 nm. 8,100 nm. 8,000 nm. Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) 0.89 Mo. 0.89 Mo. 0.89 Mo. Design Weights Maximum ramp weight 548.7 lbs. x 1000 592.8 lbs. x 1000 659.0 lbs. x 1000 Maximum takeoff weight 546.7 lbs. x 1000 590.8 lbs. x 1000 657.0 lbs. x 1000 Maximum landing weight 407.9 lbs. x 1000 451.9 lbs. x 1000 503.8 lbs. x 1000 Maximum zero fuel weight 382.5 lbs. x 1000 423.3 lbs. x 1000 470.6 lbs. x 1000 Maximum fuel capacity 34,082 US gal. 36,460 US gal. 41,215 US gal. Some Design Technical Features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cockpit design follows same cockpit layout, characteristics and operating procedures as in the A320 and A330/A340 platforms, providing a number of advantages (e.g., in terms of crew training, crew transition, cross-crew qualification). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Also incorporates new features that benefit from innovation in technologies for displays, flight management navigation systems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ First commercial airplane to adopt EHAs (electrohydrostatic actuators) flight control technologies, a step forward to the all-electric airplane. EHAs are electrically powered but use hydraulic pumps and reservoirs that transform electrical power into hydraulic power. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Advantages: large savings in terms of weight and space (e.g., reduction in the size of pipelines, actuators and other components, power generation equipment, tubing, amount of fluid required), as well as ease of installation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ First commercial aircraft capable of flying with total hydraulic failure, using electricity to operate the flight control surfaces. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Extensive use of composite materials 25% (by weight), compared with 10% in A320 and 30% in A340-500/600. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use of carbon composites and advanced metallic hybrid materials, along with laser beam welding to eliminate fasteners, reduce weight and provide enhanced fatigue tolerance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Glare: highly resistant to fatigue, used in construction of panels for upper fuselage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Aluminum and fiberglass layers of Glare do not allow propagation of cracks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Glare lighter than conventional materials represents a weight saving of about 500kg. 6.3. Fact Sheet: Firm orders by customer: (up to October 2010 at www.airbus.com) Model Series Orders Deliveries Total A350-800 158 158 A350-900 340 340 A350-1000 75 75 A350 Total 573 573 A350 vs. B787 on material breakout (by weight) A350 B787 Composites: 53% Composites: 50% Aluminum: 19% Aluminum: 20% Titanium: 14% Titanium: 15% Steel: 6% Steel: 10% Other: 8% Other: 5% Airbus internal goal to freeze the design and expects: 10% lower airframe maintenance cost 14% lower empty seat weight than competing aircraft More fuel efficient: Up to 25 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanes Produces fewer emissions: Up to 25% fewer than similarly sized airplanes Better cash seat mile costs than peer airplanes: 15% 7. Supply Chain Management Practices by Airbus and Boeing: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier selection on both programs following a typical competitive bid process during initial plateau phase; selection on best-value basis. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing retains unified list of pre-qualified suppliers/vendors (qualified parts list QPL; qualified vendor list QVL). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus does not yet maintain such a unified list, but moving in same direction. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both have major suppliers participate early in design and development process. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both committed to long-term, mutually-beneficial, reliable and stable relationships with key suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier partnerships typically limited to suppliers that continuously show excellence in performance, demonstrate credible long-term business interest, and back it up with their own development and investment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Life-of-program fixed-cost contracts, but with some differences. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Electronic links with suppliers via supplier portals (request for quote/proposal; order placement; technical data interchange, such as technical specifications, key characteristics, engineering drawings; exchanging documents; facilitating virtual collaboration with global partnering suppliers in a 3D design software environment). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) initiatives: Both Boeing and Airbus have expanded the application of RFID tags for both the B787 and A350 programs; they have worked together to reach for consensus regarding standards for using global RFID technology on commercial airplanes). 8. Major suppliers responsibility is greater: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Important strategic shifts in supply chain management, driven by pressing need to reduce cost and spread development costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both have asked major suppliers in B787 and A350 to absorb non-recurring costs, thus greatly shifting costs and risks to suppliers, but using somewhat different approaches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers delegated much more responsibility for design, development and manufacturing through closer collaboration, partnerships and integration across supplier networks. Boeing 787: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has gone the extra distance with the 787 program retains only about 33%-35% of the total 787 work share à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deliberate effort to reduce parts count to enable snap three-day assembly of the 787 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers moving up the value chain assuming more of a system integrator role, providing more integrated components and managing their own sub-tier suppliers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This is the first time Boeing has outsourced the entire wing design and manufacturing to external suppliers (risk-sharing partners Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd.: center wing box; Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.: main wing fixed trailing edge; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.: wing box) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This is the first time Boeing applied lean manufacturing process in B787 program to improve absence management while merging its short and long-term disability program administration with leave-of-absence offering. Airbus A350: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus, as a multinational consortium prior to July 2001, had already adopted a strategic partnership model with well-defined work-share arrangements. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus has increased its outsourcing in the A350 program, but has still kept in-house core technologies, such as composite technology and wing design. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus also applied lean process technique by getting advice from Porsche (a German car manufacture) in order to reduce production time and avoid delay as happened in A380 program. 9. Worldwide Outsourcing: Both Airbus and Boeing have increased their global outsourcing in Japan, China, India, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Russia (estimated in the future). Why the two aircraft manufacture select these region because of the strong economic growth as well as fast-growing air travel particularly in Asia/Pacific region. Large Asian and Middle Eastern carriers as Singapore Airlines, Emirates, Vietnam Airlines now are the major customers. The variety of offset arrangements have opened up new market opportunities, tied to increased sourcing (e.g., from China). Boeing strategy: long unparalleled dominance in Japanese market strong presence in China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In Japan: 80% of orders from Japanese airlines from Boeing during last decade; Japanese suppliers (heavies) account for 35% of 787 work-shares. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In China: activities range from subcontracting, joint ventures, technical training and assistance for cooperative programs; visible support from Chinese suppliers (valued at $1.6 billion), supplying essential composite parts and structures for 787 programs. Airbus strategy: relative newcomer to Japan China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In Japan: facing difficulties in winning orders from Japanese airlines, but has contracted work with Japanese suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In China: sale activities in China jumped to 219 aircraft in 2005 from 56, overtaking Boeing by delivering 6 more aircraft; committed to doubling procurement from Chinese suppliers to $120 million/year by 2010; announced Tianjin will be site for Airbus first final assembly plant outside Europe. 10. The Emerging Unique Model: Boeing Model: The Boeing 787 experience represents a unique model for the future in supply chain management. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In essence, the Boeing model is about optimizing the total business, not just the supply chain in the traditional sense. Supply chain architecture as an integral part of the entire program extended enterprise architecture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Main emphasis is on optimizing portfolio of core competencies in entire value stream for mutual benefit. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lifecycle value creation perspective, not short-term waste elimination or cost minimization for Boeing itself. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has adopted a bold new innovative system integrator role. This represents a revolutionary departure from the past. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has asked all suppliers to carry all of the non-recurring costs; in return, gives back to risk-sharing partnering suppliers the intellectual property rights on the components or systems they provide. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Contracts are so designed that if the aircraft does well in the marketplace, the risk-sharing partners derive direct benefits and major partnering suppliers can make design trades within each work package and across company units to find optimal system solutions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lower-tier suppliers are not provided IP ownership but are given long-term relationships, where they can benefit from scale economies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing only provides high-level interface definition; the first-tier (major partnering suppliers) is responsible for the detailed interface definitions designs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers work together and Boeing acts as referee in case of conflicts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Web-enabled information technologies systems a critical enabler. Airbus model: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus is reported to have established risk-sharing partnerships with more than 30 of its major suppliers covering $3.1 billion or 25% of total program non-recurring costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ These suppliers include Alenia, Eurocopter, Fokker, Gamesa, Labinal, Saab). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ However, this needs closer scrutiny, to see what it actually means. Airbus also continues to exercise control over all system and detail engineering interface definitions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus suppliers work in parallel (bilaterally with Airbus), with limited lateral communications among them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unlike Boeing, Airbus has no strong partners for major risk-sharing activities or as contributors to development spending. However, Airbus is currently pursuing new partnering arrangements under its Airbus Power competitiveness Industrial Plan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Plan proposes radical cost-cutting rationalization measures (cutting 10,000 jobs, closing down or selling specific sites, rearranging workshare allocation). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Investment partners being sought for the Extended Enterprise sites (Nordenham, Germany; Meaulte, France; Filton, UK). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As part of the plan, supplier relationships would also change (Airbus wants partners to commit to long-term cost reductions). Airbus also reducing its supplier base from 3,000 down to 5,000. 11. Conclusion: Aerospace supply chain management will continue to evolve from a transactional or relational business model to one involving risk-sharing and cost-sharing prime-supplier partnerships, alliances closely-knit collaborative relationships. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where primes (system-integrators) will likely to move closer to a total system integrator lifecycle value provider role. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Major suppliers to assume greater system-integrator role, with greater responsibility for design, development, manufacturing, and after-market lifecycle support. Suppliers, in general, moving from short-term service providers to long-term partners. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global outsourcing considered as aerospace supply chains and is likely to be a lot more quite internationalized in the future. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adoption of information technologies enabling network-wide connectivity right down to lower tiers an imperative in the future for coordinating complex set of interdependencies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continued consolidation likely in aerospace supplier base to build greater specialization broader system integration skills, and stronger financial backbone to make the necessary investments to enhance core capabilities.